How does stress influence blood pressure related to CVD risk?

Stress significantly influences blood pressure through the release of hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol. When a person experiences stress, the body enters a "fight or flight" response, leading to a series of physiological changes. The release of these hormones prompts an increase in heart rate and constriction of blood vessels, both of which contribute to a rise in blood pressure.

Elevated blood pressure is a well-documented risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), as it can lead to damage in blood vessels and increase the workload on the heart. Chronic stress can lead to persistent high blood pressure, creating a sustained risk for conditions such as heart attacks and strokes. This physiological connection underscores the importance of stress management in maintaining cardiovascular health.

Other options may suggest different perspectives on stress's impact, but they do not encapsulate the physiological mechanisms at play.