What are short-term changes that occur during and immediately after exercise called?

Short-term changes that occur during and immediately after exercise are referred to as responses. These are immediate physiological adjustments that the body makes to accommodate the demands of physical activity. For example, during exercise, your heart rate increases to supply more oxygen to your muscles, and your breathing rate rises to expel carbon dioxide more efficiently. These responses are vital for performance and recovery, highlighting how the body reacts in real-time to the stresses of exercise.

In contrast, adaptations refer to the long-term improvements that occur with consistent training, such as increased muscle strength or cardiovascular endurance. Training effects are similar and often encompass the results of ongoing exercise routines over time rather than immediate reactions. Acute variables pertain to the specific parameters of a workout, such as sets, repetitions, and intensity, but do not capture the physiological responses that happen during and just after exercise. Understanding the distinction between these terms is crucial for comprehending how the body functions in the context of fitness and wellness.