What function do vitamins and minerals serve in the body?

Vitamins and minerals play critical roles in maintaining overall health and wellness, one of which involves helping to protect against tissue damage. They are essential nutrients that support various bodily functions, including immune response, metabolic processes, and the repair and maintenance of tissues.

For instance, antioxidants such as vitamins C and E are known for their ability to protect cells from oxidative stress and damage caused by free radicals, which can lead to chronic diseases. Minerals like selenium and zinc also contribute to the body's defense mechanisms against cellular injury. This protective function is vital for long-term health, as it can help reduce the risk of diseases and support recovery from physical stressors.

The other options present a different perspective on nutrition and health. While providing calories for energy is a function of macronutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, vitamins and minerals do not provide calories. Increasing muscle mass is primarily achieved through resistance training and adequate protein intake, rather than through vitamins and minerals alone. Lastly, while vitamins and minerals are important for many bodily functions, they do not serve as the primary source of fuel; that role is reserved for macronutrients which provide the energy needed for physical activity and bodily functions.