What is the primary consequence of plaque buildup in arteries?

Plaque buildup in arteries primarily leads to restricted blood flow. This condition, known as atherosclerosis, involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, cholesterol, and other substances, which form plaques that can narrow the arterial walls. As these plaques develop, they reduce the internal diameter of the arteries, making it more difficult for blood to flow through them. This restricted blood flow can lead to various cardiovascular issues, including angina, heart attacks, and strokes.

The other options do not accurately reflect the primary consequence of plaque buildup. While increased heart rate can occur as a compensatory response to reduced oxygen delivery during restricted blood flow, it is not the direct consequence of plaque formation itself. Enhanced circulation is contrary to the effects of plaque buildup, which inherently impairs blood flow. Similarly, decreased blood volume does not directly relate to plaque accumulation, as it pertains more to the amount of blood in the circulatory system and not the condition of the arteries. Thus, restricted blood flow stands out as the correct consequence of artery plaque buildup.